2026-10-22UTC11:41:16Z /oai

opus4.bicc:12781 2008-03-01 doc-type:BICC Working paper

2 BL.ADS Marie-Christine Heinze BICC 2008 BICC Working paper /SystemData/Languages/English Most experts agree that sustainable peace consolidation demands more than a mere end of violence. Besides the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants and the re-establishment of national security and the state monopoly of violence it also needs the establishment and consolidation of a functioning state apparatus—considered legitimate by its population—political and economic liberalization as well as the support of local civil society (cf. Schneckener, 2005). Such nation-building cannot be achieved within one or two years. Peace consolidation therefore is a complex and lengthy task for which the United Nations often neither has the personnel nor the financial resources.